Winter and Christmas: A Challenge for Emergency Services

Family with one child wearing reindeer antlers headbands when decorating Christmas tree with toys

Prevention is key to avoiding issues arising from low temperatures or dietary changes associated with Christmas celebrations.

With the arrival of winter and the festive season, emergency services experience a significant surge in medical demand. Low temperatures, combined with celebrations and shifts in daily habits, create a perfect storm for various health issues.

From respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive illnesses to domestic accidents, this season truly tests our resilience. Specialists at the Emergency Department of Quirónsalud Torrevieja highlight the importance of “preparing adequately to minimise risks and ensure efficient care during such a demanding period.”

Increase in Respiratory Diseases

Winter cold contributes to the spread of respiratory infections. Common colds, flu, and bronchitis are among the most frequent conditions treated in emergency departments. These illnesses are often more severe in older adults, young children, and people with chronic conditions. Additionally, exacerbations of illnesses like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) increase during this season, partly due to sudden temperature changes and exposure to cold air.

The impact of these conditions can be mitigated with preventive strategies. According to experts, “vaccines against flu, COVID-19, and pneumococcus are key tools to protect the most vulnerable groups.” They also emphasise the importance of maintaining proper hand hygiene and dressing warmly, covering the mouth and nose when outdoors.

The festive environment may pose additional challenges for individuals with respiratory allergies. Christmas decorations stored for months accumulate dust and mites, triggering allergic reactions. Artificial snow sprays and festive fragrances can also irritate airways. Cleaning decorations thoroughly and keeping indoor spaces well-ventilated are strongly recommended.

Cardiovascular Impact of Cold

The cardiovascular system is another major area affected during winter. Low temperatures can cause vasoconstriction, increasing blood pressure and the strain on the heart. This raises the risk of serious cardiovascular events, such as hypertensive emergencies, angina, or heart attacks.

Dietary changes and the emotional stress associated with family gatherings during the holidays may also contribute to complications. According to Quirónsalud Torrevieja specialists, “excessive consumption of fatty and salty foods, combined with alcohol, poses a significant risk, particularly for individuals with pre-existing conditions.”

A specific type of arrhythmia, exacerbated by alcohol consumption, can affect both those with and without a history of heart disease. Although it may seem minor, it can lead to serious complications if not properly managed.

To prevent such issues, experts recommend striking a balance between enjoyment and moderation. A balanced diet, adequate hydration, and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption are essential measures for cardiovascular health during winter.

Domestic Accidents

The increased use of heaters, stoves, and fireplaces in winter raises the risk of domestic accidents. Burns, fires, and carbon monoxide poisoning are common issues treated in emergency departments. “Many incidents could be avoided with basic safety measures, such as checking the condition of heating devices, keeping flammable materials (like textiles) away from heat sources, installing smoke and carbon monoxide detectors, and ensuring proper ventilation,” experts advise.

Moreover, slippery surfaces caused by rain or frost heighten the risk of falls, particularly for older adults. These falls can result in fractures, head injuries, and other serious conditions requiring immediate attention. It is crucial to wear appropriate footwear and avoid going out in adverse weather unless absolutely necessary.

Dietary Excesses

Christmas celebrations are often marked by prolonged and lavish meals, frequently leading to digestive emergencies. Indigestion, acid reflux, food poisoning, and acute pancreatitis are common issues during this period. Planning balanced menus, moderating portion sizes, and avoiding high-fat or overly spicy foods can help prevent these problems.

Food poisoning cases, caused by undercooked or improperly stored food, also tend to rise. Ensuring food is stored in optimal conditions and adhering to expiry and use-by dates are essential precautions to avoid complications.

Traffic Accidents

Alcohol consumption during festive celebrations is a major factor in traffic accidents at this time of year. These incidents not only affect those directly involved but also their families and the emergency services that manage the aftermath.

Quirónsalud Torrevieja Hospital has a specialised Traffic Unit designed to care for individuals involved in road accidents. This multidisciplinary service includes trauma specialists, physiotherapists, neurologists, and rehabilitation experts who work together to ensure comprehensive recovery. Additionally, no health insurance is required to access this service, making it available to all patients in need.

The Role of Prevention

While emergency services are prepared to handle any eventuality, specialists at Quirónsalud stress the importance of prevention as the first line of defence. Awareness campaigns on vaccination, dietary habits, and home safety are valuable tools to reduce the number of emergencies during winter and Christmas.

Fostering a responsible and considerate attitude among the population is also vital. This includes avoiding unnecessary excesses and proactively addressing evident risks. “Taking care of ourselves also means caring for those around us, especially during such a special time of year,” conclude the experts.